Newborn Screening Market

Newborn Screening Market Segment Analysis

The Newborn Screening market is segmented by product, test type, technology and end user Industry.

On the basis of product, global newborn screening market is segmented into instrument, consumables. Consumables accounted for the majority of the market for neonatal screening. The ongoing need for consumables in newborn screening accounts for this market segment's substantial proportion. The rising frequency of infant diseases and the rising rate of newborn screening throughout the world are two important reasons supporting the expansion of consumables.

On the basis of test type, global newborn screening market is segmented into Dried Blood Spot, Hearing Screening, CCHD.

On the basis of technology, global newborn screening market is segmented into Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Immunoassay, Enzyme Assay, Molecular, Pulse Oximetry. immunoassays and enzymatic assays dominated the market, this is mostly owing to the widespread use of these tests to screen neonates for diseases.

On the basis of end user Industry, global newborn screening market is segmented into hospitals and clinical laboratories. Hospital sector to be the largest contributor for Newborn Screening market.

Newborn Screening Market Players

The Key Players in Newborn Screening Market are PerkinElmer, Natus Medical, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Danaher Corporation, and Medtronic. Others include Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH, Trivitron Healthcare, Baebies, Parseq Lab, Recipe Chemicals+Instruments, and Demant A/S.

• In September 2020, The EONIS screening assay from PerkinElmer (US) has gained CE-IVD approval for screening neonates for SMA (spinal muscular atrophy), SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency), and XLA (X-linked agammaglobulinemia).
• In December 2019, The GSP Neonatal Creatine Kinase –MM (CK-MM) kit from PerkinElmer (US) has been approved by the US FDA for screening infants with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Who Should Buy? Or Key Stakeholders

• Industry and consulting firms
• State and national regulatory authorities
• Investors
• Suppliers and Distributors
• Research Institutes

Key Takeaways

• The global Newborn Screening Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.90%.
• On the basis of product, consumables accounted for the majority of the market for neonatal screening.
• On the basis of test type, hearing screening accounted for the majority of the market share.
• On the basis of technology, immunoassays and enzymatic assays dominated the market.
• On the basis of end user Industry, hospital sector to be the largest contributor for Newborn Screening market.
• During the projection period, Asia Pacific is predicted to have the fastest growth.
• The major trend in the Newborn Screening Market is the increasing adoption of advanced technologies for comprehensive and early detection of genetic and metabolic disorders in infants.

Newborn Screening Market Regional Analysis

Geographically, Newborn Screening market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the world.

• North America: includes the US, Canada, Mexico
• Europe: includes UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, and Rest of Europe
• Asia Pacific: includes China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, ASEAN and Rest of APAC

The largest market for newborn screening is North America, followed by Europe. The availability of newborn screening programs, attractive reimbursement rules, and a strong market player presence are all factors driving growth in the North American market.

During the projection period, Asia Pacific is predicted to have the fastest Growth. The big infant pool, growing screening rates, and expanding awareness about early diagnosis are all driving growth in this region.

[caption id="attachment_9702" align="alignnone" width="680"] Newborn Screening Market | Exactitude Consultancy[/caption]

Key Market Segments: Newborn Screening Market

Newborn Screening Market by Product, 2020 – 2029 (USD Millions)

• Instrument
• Consumables

Newborn Screening Market by Test Type, 2020 – 2029 (USD Millions)

• Dried Blood Spot
• Hearing Screening
• CCHD

Newborn Screening Market by Technology, 2020 – 2029 (USD Millions)

• Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Immunoassay
• Enzyme Assay
• Molecular
• Pulse Oximetry

Newborn Screening Market by End Use Industry, 2020 – 2029 (USD Millions)

• Hospitals
• Clinical Laboratories

Newborn Screening Market by Region, 2020 – 2029 (USD Millions)

• North America
• Europe
• APAC
• MEA
• Latin America

Important Countries in All Regions Are Covered.

Objectives of the study

• To provide an overall view of the market.
• To detail out key pointers such as growth, market size, trends, drivers, restraints, challenges and opportunities in quantitative and qualitative terms
• To provide a holistic view of market players and their activities to get an understanding of key growth strategies adopted

Key Question Answered

• What is the current market size of this high growth market?
• What is the overall growth rate?
• What are the key growth areas, applications, end uses and types?
• Key reasons for growth
• Challenges for growth
• What technological developments are happening in this area?

1. Introducción
   
   
   
   1. Definición de mercado
   
   
   2. Segmentación del mercado
   
   
   3. Cronología de la investigación
   
   
   4. Supuestos y limitaciones
   
   
   
   


2. Metodología de la investigación
   
   
   
   1. Minería de datos
      
      
      
      1. Investigación secundaria
      
      
      2. Investigación primaria
      
      
      3. Asesoramiento de expertos en la materia
      
      
      
      
   
   
   2. Controles de calidad
      
      
      
      1. Revisión final
      
      
      
      
   
   
   3. Triangulación de datos
      
      
      
      1. Enfoque de abajo hacia arriba
      
      
      2. Enfoque de arriba hacia abajo
      
      
      3. Flujo de investigación
      
      
      
      
   
   
   4. Fuentes de datos
   
   
   
   


3. Resumen ejecutivo


4. Descripción general del mercado
   
   
   
   1. Perspectivas del mercado de detección de recién nacidos
      
      
      
      1. Factores impulsores del mercado
      
      
      2. Restricciones del mercado
      
      
      3. Oportunidades de mercado
      
      
      
      
   
   
   2. Impacto de Covid-19 en el mercado de detección de recién nacidos
   
   
   3. Modelo de las cinco fuerzas de Porter
      
      
      
      1. Amenaza de nuevos participantes
      
      
      2. Amenaza de sustitutos
      
      
      3. Poder de negociación de los proveedores
      
      
      4. Poder de negociación de los clientes
      
      
      5. Grado de competencia
      
      
      
      
   
   
   4. Análisis de la cadena de valor de la industria
   
   
   
   


5. Mercado de cribado neonatal por producto
   
   
   
   1. Instrumento
   
   
   2. Consumibles
   
   
   
   


6. Mercado de detección de recién nacidos por tipo de prueba
   
   
   
   1. Mancha de sangre seca
   
   
   2. Examen de audición
   
   
   3. Enfermedad coronaria crónica
   
   
   
   


7. Mercado de detección de recién nacidos por tecnología
   
   
   
   1. Espectrometría de masas en tándem
   
   
   2. Inmunoensayo
   
   
   3. Ensayo enzimático
   
   
   4. Molecular
   
   
   5. Oximetría de pulso
   
   
   
   


8. Mercado de cribado neonatal por industria de uso final
   
   
   
   1. Hospitales
   
   
   2. Laboratorio clínico
   
   
   
   


9. Mercado de detección de recién nacidos por región
   
   
   
   1. América del norte
      
      
      
      1. A NOSOTROS
      
      
      2. Canadá
      
      
      3. México
      
      
      
      
   
   
   2. Sudamerica
      
      
      
      1. Brasil
      
      
      2. Argentina
      
      
      3. Colombia
      
      
      4. Resto de Sudamérica
      
      
      
      
   
   
   3. Europa
      
      
      
      1. Alemania
      
      
      2. Reino Unido
      
      
      3. Francia
      
      
      4. Italia
      
      
      5. España
      
      
      6. Rusia
      
      
      7. Resto de Europa
      
      
      
      
   
   
   4. Asia Pacífico
      
      
      
      1. India
      
      
      2. Porcelana
      
      
      3. Japón
      
      
      4. Corea del Sur
      
      
      5. Australia
      
      
      6. Sudeste asiático
      
      
      7. Resto de Asia Pacífico
      
      
      
      
   
   
   5. Oriente Medio y África
      
      
      
      1. Emiratos Árabes Unidos
      
      
      2. Arabia Saudita
      
      
      3. Sudáfrica
      
      
      4. Resto de Oriente Medio y África
      
      
      
      
   
   
   
   

10. Perfiles de empresas* (descripción general de la empresa, descripción general de la empresa, tecnologías ofrecidas, desarrollos recientes)
    
    
    
    1. Perkin Elmer
    
    
    2. Natus Medical
    
    
    3. Laboratorios Bio-Rad
    
    
    4. Corporación Danaher
    
    
    5. Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH
    
    
    6. Atención sanitaria Trivitron
    
    
    7. Bebés
    
    
    8. Parseq Lab *La lista de empresas es indicativa
    
    
    
    

 

 LISTA DE TABLAS

 

TABLE 1                GLOBAL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 2                GLOBAL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 3                GLOBAL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 4                GLOBAL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 5                GLOBAL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY REGION (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 6                US NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 7                US NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 8                US NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 9                 US NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 10              CANADA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 11              CANADA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 12              CANADA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 13              CANADA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 14              MEXICO NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 15              MEXICO NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 16              MEXICO NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 17              MEXICO NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 18              BRAZIL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 19              BRAZIL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 20              BRAZIL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 21              BRAZIL NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 22              ARGENTINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 23              ARGENTINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 24              ARGENTINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 25              ARGENTINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 26              COLOMBIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 27              COLOMBIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 28              COLOMBIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 29              COLOMBIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 30              REST OF SOUTH AMERICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 31              REST OF SOUTH AMERICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 32              REST OF SOUTH AMERICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 33              REST OF SOUTH AMERICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 34              INDIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 35              INDIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 36              INDIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 37              INDIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 38              CHINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 39              CHINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 40              CHINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 41              CHINA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 42              JAPAN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 43              JAPAN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 44              JAPAN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 45              JAPAN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 46              SOUTH KOREA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 47              SOUTH KOREA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 48              SOUTH KOREA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 49              SOUTH KOREA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 50              AUSTRALIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 51              AUSTRALIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 52              AUSTRALIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 53              AUSTRALIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 54              SOUTH-EAST ASIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 55              SOUTH-EAST ASIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 56              SOUTH-EAST ASIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 57              SOUTH-EAST ASIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 58              REST OF ASIA PACIFIC NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 59              REST OF ASIA PACIFIC NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 60              REST OF ASIA PACIFIC NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 61              REST OF ASIA PACIFIC NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 62              GERMANY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 63              GERMANY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 64              GERMANY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 65              GERMANY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 66              UK NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 67              UK NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 68              UK NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 69              UK NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 70              FRANCE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 71              FRANCE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 72              FRANCE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 73              FRANCE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 74              ITALY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 75              ITALY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 76              ITALY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 77              ITALY NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 78              SPAIN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 79              SPAIN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 80              SPAIN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 81              SPAIN NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 82              RUSSIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 83              RUSSIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 84              RUSSIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 85              RUSSIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 86              REST OF EUROPE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 87              REST OF EUROPE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 88              REST OF EUROPE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 89              REST OF EUROPE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 90              UAE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 91              UAE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 92              UAE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 93              UAE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 94              SAUDI ARABIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 95              SAUDI ARABIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 96              SAUDI ARABIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 97              SAUDI ARABIA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 98              SOUTH AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 99              SOUTH AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 100            SOUTH AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 101            SOUTH AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 102            REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 103            REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 104            REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

TABLE 105            REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USER (USD MILLIONS) 2020-2029

 

LIST OF FIGURES

 

FIGURE 1        MARKET DYNAMICS

FIGURE 2        MARKET SEGMENTATION

FIGURE 3        REPORT TIMELINES: YEARS CONSIDERED

FIGURE 4        DATA TRIANGULATION

FIGURE 5        BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

FIGURE 6        TOP-DOWN APPROACH

FIGURE 7        RESEARCH FLOW

FIGURE 8        NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY PRODUCT, USD MILLION, 2020-2029

FIGURE 9        NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TEST TYPE, USD MILLION, 2020-2029

FIGURE 10      NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY, USD MILLION, 2020-2029

FIGURE 11      NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY END USE INDUSTRY, USD MILLION, 2020-2029

FIGURE 12      NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET BY REGION, USD MILLION, 2020-2029

FIGURE 13      PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL

FIGURE 14      NORTH AMERICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 15      EUROPE NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 16      ASIA PACIFIC NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 17      SOUTH AMERICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 18      MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA NEWBORN SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 19      PERKINELMER COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 20      NATUS MEDICAL COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 21      BIO-RAD LABORATORIES COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 22      DANAHER CORPORATION COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 23      MEDTRONIC. COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 24      CHROMSYSTEMS INSTRUMENTS & CHEMICALS GMBH COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 25      TRIVITRON HEALTHCARE COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 26      BAEBIES COMPANY SNAPSHOT

FIGURE 27      PARSEQ LAB COMPANY SNAPSHOT